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Livestock

  • Duck (3)
    • In general: Ducks in the Alps
    • Landente, österreichische (mit und ohne Haube) (A)
    • Pommernente (CH,D)
  • Donkey (3)
    • In General: Donkeys in the Alps
    • Barockesel (A)
    • Provence Esel (F)
  • Goose (6)
    • In General: Goose in the Alps
    • Allgemeines: Voralpine Landgänse
    • Bayerische Landgans (D)
    • Diepholzer Gans (CH)
    • Elsässer Gans (F)
    • Oesterreichische Landgans (A)
  • Poultry (21)
    • In General: Domestic Chicken in the Alps
    • Allgemeines: Spitzhaubenhühner
    • Altsteirer weiss (A)
    • Altsteirer wildbraun (A)
    • Appenzeller Barthuhn (CH)
    • Appenzeller Spitzhauben (CH)
    • Bianca di Saluzzo (I)
    • Bionda Piemontese (I)
    • Das Proveis Ultentaler Huhn (Mühlbacher)
    • Landperlhuhn, österreichisches (A)
    • Millefiori di Lonigo (I)
    • Millefiori Piemontese (I)
    • Neu-Tirolerhuhn (A, I, CH)
    • Padovana (I)
    • Polverara-Schiatta (I)
    • Schweizerhuhn (CH)
    • Steinhendl (A, I, SLO)
    • Sulmtaler Huhn (A)
    • Tirolerhuhn (†)
    • Traditionelle Fütterung von Hühnern auf Südtiroler Hof
    • Zwerghühner
  • Dog (13)
    • In General: Dogs in the Alps
    • Appenzeller Sennenhund (CH)
    • Bergamasker (I)
    • Berger de Crau (F)
    • Berger de Savoie (F)
    • Berner Sennenhund (CH)
    • Bernhardiner (CH)
    • Entlebucher Sennenhund (CH)
    • Grosser Schweizer Sennenhund (CH)
    • Kraševec (Sl)
    • Pinscher, österreichischer (A)
    • Posavski (Sl)
    • Tiroler Bergspitz (A)
  • Rabbit (9)
    • In General: Rabbit in the Alps
    • Blaue Wiener (A)
    • Blaugraue Wiener (A)
    • Grigio di Carmagnola
    • Schweizer Dreifarben-Kleinscheckenkaninchen (CH)
    • Schweizer Fehkaninchen (CH)
    • Schweizer Fuchskaninchen (CH)
    • Schweizer Schecken (CH)
    • Weiße Wiener (A)
  • Horse (16)
    • In General: Horses in the Alps
    • Alt-Österreichische Huzulen (A)
    • Altösterreichisches Warmblut (A)
    • Freiberger Pferd (CH)
    • Haflinger (A,I)
    • Kinsky-Pferd (A)
    • Lipizzaner (A)
    • Lipizzaner (SLO)
    • Noriker (A)
    • Posavina (SLO)
    • Süddeutsches Kaltblut
    • Samòlaco (I)
    • Schweizer Warmblut
    • Slovenian Cold Blood
    • Slowenisches Warmblut
    • Tarpan (Stammform)
  • Turkey (4)
    • In General: Turkey in the Alps
    • Blaue Pute (A)
    • Bronzepute (D)
    • Cröllwitzer Pute (D)
  • Cattle (42)
    • Allgemeines: Alpines Grauvieh
    • Allgemeines: Rind im Alpenraum
    • Auerochse (Urform)
    • Braunvieh (CH)
    • Buischa Grauvieh / Mucca Bisa (I)
    • Burlina (I)
    • Cikasto govedo
    • Deutsches Fleckvieh (D)
    • Ennstaler Bergschecken (A)
    • Eringer (CH)
    • Herens (F)
    • Evolèner Rind (CH)
    • Gelbvieh (D)
    • Grauvieh Schweiz (CH)
    • Hinterwälder (CH)
    • Jochberger Hummeln (A)
    • Kärntner Blondvieh (A)
    • Murbodner (A)
    • Murnau-Werdenfelser (D)
    • Original Österreichisches Braunvieh (A)
    • Original Braunvieh (CH)
    • Original Braunvieh (D)
    • Original Pinzgauer (A)
    • Original Pinzgauer (D)
    • Pezzata rossa d’Oropa (I)
    • Pinzgauer (I)
    • Pustertaler Schecken (D)
    • Pustertaler Sprinzen (A)
    • Pustertaler Sprinzen (I)
    • Rätisches Grauvieh (CH)
    • Rendena (I)
    • Südtiroler Grauvieh (I)
    • Tarina (I)
    • Tiroler Grauvieh (A)
    • Tux – Zillertaler Rind (A)
    • Ungarisches Steppenrind (A)
    • Valdostana Castana (I)
    • Valdostana Pezzata nera (I)
    • Valdostana Pezzatta Rossa (I)
    • Varzese-Rind (I)
    • Villard de Lans (F)
    • Waldviertler Blondvieh (A)
  • Sheep (66)
    • Allgemeines: Schaf im Alpenraum
    • Alpagota (I)
    • Alpines Steinschaf (A, D)
    • Bündner Oberländer Schaf (CH)
    • Bagnerschaf (CH)
    • Bela Krajina Pramenka (Sl)
    • Bergamasca (I)
    • Biellese (I)
    • Bovška pasma (Sl)
    • Braunes Bergschaf (A)
    • Braunes Bergschaf (D)
    • Braunköpfiges Fleischschaf (CH)
    • Brentegana (I)
    • Brianzola (I)
    • Brigasque (F)
    • Brogne (I)
    • Carsolina (I)
    • Charollais Suisse (CH)
    • Ciavenasca (I)
    • Ciuta (I)
    • Commune des Alpes (F)
    • Corteno (I)
    • Delle Langhe (I)
    • Engadinerschaf (CH)
    • Finarda (I)
    • Frabosana (I)
    • Friulana (I)
    • Frutigschaf (CH)
    • Garessina (I)
    • Istrska pramenka (Sl)
    • Jezersko-solcavska ovca (Sl)
    • Kärntner Brillenschaf (A)
    • Krainer Steinschaf (A)
    • Krainer Steinschaf (D)
    • Lamon (I)
    • Livo (I)
    • Luzeiner (CH)
    • Marrana
    • Montafoner Steinschaf (A)
    • Mourerous (F)
    • Noir de Fumex (F)
    • Plezzana (I)
    • Rosset (I)
    • Rouge de l’Ouest (CH)
    • Saaser Mutte (CH)
    • Saltasassi (I)
    • Sambucana (I)
    • Sampeirina (I)
    • Savoiarda (I)
    • Schwarzbraunes Bergschaf (CH)
    • Schwarzes Bergschaf
    • Spiegelschaf (CH)
    • Tacòla (I)
    • Thônes et Marthod (F)
    • Tiroler Steinschaf (A)
    • Ultnerschaf (I)
    • Val Badia (I)
    • Varesina (I)
    • Vicentina (I)
    • Villnösser (I)
    • Waldschaf (A)
    • Waldschaf (D)
    • Walliser Landschaf (CH)
    • Walliser Schwarznasenschaf (CH)
    • Weisses Alpenschaf (CH)
    • Zackelschaf (A)
  • Pig (9)
    • Allgemeines: Schwein
    • Bela Zlahtna (Sl)
    • Krskopolje (Sl)
    • Morawa Schwein (A)
    • Pannonisches Mangalitsa (A)
    • Schwalbenbäuchiges Wollschwein (CH)
    • Schwarzes Alpenschwein (A, CH, D, I)
    • Turopolje Schwein (A)
    • Veredeltes Landschwein (CH)
  • Pigeon (10)
    • Altösterreichischer Tümmler (A)
    • Altwiener Hochflugtaube (A)
    • Böhmentaube (D)
    • Oesterreichische Fischertaube
    • Oesterreichische Ganslkröpfer (A)
    • Oesterreichischer Weißschwanz (A)
    • Slov. Beloglavcek (Sl)
    • Waldviertler Kröpfer (A)
    • Wiener Gansel (A)
    • Wiener Tümmler (A)
  • Goat (50)
    • Allgemeines: Ziege im Alpenraum
    • Alpina comune (I)
    • Alpine (F)
    • Appenzellerziege (CH)
    • Bündner Strahlenziege (CH)
    • Bezoarziege (Urform)
    • Bionda dell’Adamello (I)
    • Blobe Ziege (A)
    • Bormina (I)
    • Bovcka Koza (Sl)
    • Camosciata delle Alpi (I)
    • Capra di Livo (I)
    • Capra Grigia (CH)
    • Capra Grigia (I)
    • Capra Pezzata Mochena (I)
    • Capra Sempione (CH)
    • Chèvre du Rove (F)
    • Chèvre de la Roya (F)
    • Frisia (I)
    • Gämsfarbige Gebirgsziege (A)
    • Gämsfarbige Gebirgsziege (CH)
    • Grüenochte Geiss (CH)
    • Greyerzer Ziege (CH)
    • Istriana (I)
    • Kupferhalsziege (CH)
    • Nera Verzasca (CH)
    • Oberhasli-Brienzer (CH)
    • Orobica (I)
    • Passeirer Gebirgsziege (A)
    • Passeirer Gebirgsziege (I)
    • Pfauenziege (A)
    • Pfauenziege (CH)
    • Pinzgauer Strahlenziege (A)
    • Pinzgauer Ziege (A)
    • Provençale (F)
    • Roccaverano (I)
    • Rove Ziege (F)
    • Saanen (I)
    • Saanen Ziege (A)
    • Saanenziege (CH)
    • Sempione (I)
    • Steirische Scheckenziege (A)
    • Stiefelgeiss (CH)
    • Tauernscheckenziege (A)
    • Toggenburger Ziege (CH)
    • Valdostana (I)
    • Vallesana (I)
    • Verzaschese (I)
    • Vierhornziege (A)
    • Walliser Schwarzhalsziege (CH)

In General: Domestic Chicken in the Alps

Index

  • Description

Description

The wild form of chickens is the South-East Asian red junglefowl. It was domesticated starting from 8000 BC in South-East Asia and China. Beginning from 4000 years ago they came into the Middle-East through the Silk Road and into the Alps around 600 BC. Chicken are among the most widespread and intensely used domestic animals. Their great economic importance is mainly a consequence of the ease of keeping and reproducing them, as well as the high nutritive value of their products (meat and eggs)
Starting from the mid-19th century planned breeding took shape in Central Europe. The necessity of autarky during the Crisis years of the early 20th century and the increasing demand for meat in the Alps led to the development of dual use races and meat races (Swiss chicken and Sulmthaler chicken). Aided by the high reproduction rate and the ease of keeping already in the 19th century rebreeding took place by selection and the use of foreign races. Some of the few "domestic" races are relatively recent and often have foreign roots such as the Schweizerhuhn (Orpington X Wyandotten).
The today used industrial breeds owing to inbreeding for a few performance metrics are massively impoverished genetically. They have lost about 90% of their original genetic material. Important information for the immune response is concentrated in the Genome. This genomic impoverishment renders the animals more susceptible for diseases such as Avian flu H5N1. By contrast, extensively used chicken species have a Broad genetic basis. They are thus an important gene pool for breeding. Owing to their small population size however Special genome conservation programs are necessary.

Revision: 18. 06. 2018

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Group of domestic chicken; Source: https://pixabay.comGroup of domestic chicken; Source: https://pixabay.com
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